Ethnobotanicals in the Orchard Garden

Ethnobotany is the scientific study of the relationship between people and plants. New Mexico ethnobotany specifically involves the uses of plants by both the indigenous peoples and the early Spanish settlers in the state. Some of the plants utilized were growing here when the earliest people came to the area and others were brought by those settling at a later date whether they be native Americans or Europeans. Plants in this category are currently or have had various daily uses. The SF Botanical Garden categorizes the various sections in Ojos y Manos as: Food, Wood & Tools, Weaving & Dying and Medical.

The Santa Fe Botanical Garden at Museum Hill currently grows several of these plants. Below is a list of these plants and a description of how they were or are used.

Ojos y Manos Ethnobotanicals
	Food	Medicine	Other
Trees - Evergreen

Juniper, One-seed - Juniperus monasperma	*******	**********	*********

Pine, Pinion - Pinus edulis	*******	**********	*********

Pine, Ponderosa - Pinus pondersoa	*******	**********	*********

Trees - Deciduous

Maple, Bigtooth - Acer saccharum subsp. grandidentatum	*******	**********	*********

Maple, ROCKY MOUNTAIN GLOW -	*******	**********	*********
Acer saccharum subsp. grandidentatum 'Schmidt'

Hackberry, Netleaf - Celtis laevigata var. retioculata	*******	**********	*********

Cottonwood, Rio Grande - Populus deltoides subsp. wislizeni	*******	**********	*********

Oak, Texas Red - Quercus buckleyi	*******	**********	*********

Oak, Gambel - Quercus gambelii	*******	**********	*********

Oak, Burr - Quercus marocarpa	*******	**********	*********

Oak, Chikapin - Quercus muehlenbergii	*******	**********	*********

Semi-evergreen Shrubs/Subshrubs

Sagebrush, Sand - Artemisia filifolia	*******	**********	*********

Saltbush, Fourwing - Atriplex canescens	*******	**********	*********

Bitterbush, Antelope - Purshia tridentata		**********	*********

Plume, Desert Princes' - Stanleya pinnata	*******	**********

Evergreen Shrubs/Subshrubs

Sagebrush, Big - Artemisia tridentata	*******	**********	*********

Mahogany, Curl-leaf Mountain - Cercocarpus ledifolius		**********	*********

Mahogany, True Mountain - Cercoparpus montanus		**********	*********

Holly, Desert - Mahonia haematocarpa	*******	**********	*********

Penstemon, SILVERTON Bluemat - '		**********
Penstemon linarioides subsp. coloradoensis 'PO14S

Penstemon, Pineleaf - Penstemon pinifolius		**********

Penstemon, Bridges' Beard tongue - Penstemon rostriflorus		**********

Penstemon, Sidebells - Penstemon secundiflorus

Globemallow, 'Louis Hamilton' -	*******	**********	*********
Sphaeralcea ambigua 'Louis Hamilton'

Deciduous Shrubs/Subshrubs

Serviceberry, Utah - Amelanchier utahensis	*******	**********	*********

Lead Plant - Amorpha canescens	*******	**********	*********

Rabbitbush (Chamisa) - Chrysothammus nauseosus	*******	**********	*********

Apache Plume - Fallugia paradoxa		**********	*********

Privet, New Mexico - Forestiera pubescens	*******	**********	*********

Four-O'-Clock, Desert - Mirabilis multiflora	*******	**********

Bee-Balm (Mintleaf Bergamont) -	*******	**********	*********
Monarda fistulosa var. menthisfolia

Sumac, Threeleaf - Rhus trilobata	*******	**********	*********

Sumac, 'Autumn Amber' (Creeping Sumac) -	*******	**********	*********
Rhus trilobata 'Autumn Amber'

Currant, Golden - Ribes aureum	*******	**********	*********

Currant, Wax - Ribes cereum	*******	**********	*********

Mule's Ears - Scabrethia scabra

Herbaceous Perennials

Hummingbird Mint (Hyssop) - Agastache cana	*******	***********

Yerba Mansa - Anemopsis californica	*******	**********

Pricklypoppy, Southwestern - Argemone pleiacantha		**********	*********

Blanketflower - Gaillardia aristata	*******	**********	*********

Flax, Blue - Linum perenne	*******	**********	*********

Primrose, Pale Evening - Oenathera pallida		**********

Penstemon, Scarlet Bugler - Penstemon barbatus		**********

Penstemon, Cardinal - Penstemon cardinalis

Sage, Azure - Salvia azurea

Groundsel,Threadleaf - Senecio flaccidus		**********	*********

Tea, Navajo - Thelesperma megapotamicum	*******	**********	*********

Evergreen Perennials

Yarrow, Western - Achillea millefolium	*******	**********	*********

Beargrass - Nolina microcarpa	*******	**********	*********

Deciduous Perennials

Daisy, Chocolate - Berlandiera lyrata	*******	**********

Jimsonweed (Sacred Datura) - Datura innoxia		**********	*********

Sunflower, Maximilian - Helianthus maximiliani	*******

Morning Glory, Bush - Ipomoea leptophylla	*******	**********	*********

Primrose, Evening Tufted -		**********
Oenothera caespitosa subsp. marginata

Zinnia, Prairie - Zinnia grandiflora		**********	*********

Cacti/Succulents

Yucca, Soapweed - Yucca glauca	*******	**********	*********

Yucca, Banana - Yucca baccata	*******	**********	*********

Yucca, Faxon - Yucca faxoniana	*******	**********	*********

Grasses

Ricegrass, Indian - Oryzopsis hymenoides	********	**********

Grass, Indian - Sorghastrum nutans		**********	*********


Amaranth - Amaranthus spp.

Aster, Hairy Golden - Chrysopsis villosa

Aster, Purplestem - Symphyotrichum puniceum

Aster, Sand - Chaetopappa ericoides

Beeplant, Rocky Mountain - Cleome serrulata

Bindweed - Convolulus arvensis

Black-eyed Susan - Rudbeckia hirta

Buffalo Gourd - Curcurbita foetidissima

Burdock - Arctium spp.

Chokecherry - Prunus virginiana

Daisy, Paper - Psilostrophe tagetina

Daisy, Spreading Fleabane - Erigeron divergens


Dandelion - Taraxacum officinale

Dock - Rumex spp.

Goldenrod - Solidago spp.

Golden Smoke/Scrambled Eggs - Corydalis aurea

Goosefoot (Lamb's-Quarter) - Chenopodium spp.


Gumweed - Grindelia spp.

Horse-Nettle - Solanum elaeagnifolium

Horseweed (Mare's Tail) - Conyza canadensis

Hymenopappus, Fineleaf - Hymenopappus fillifolius

Indian Paintbrush - Castilleja integra

Locust, New Mexico - Robinia neomexicana

Milkweed - Asclepias spp.

Mustard, Plains Slimleaf - Schoenocrambe linear

Mustard, Western Tansy - Descurainia pinnata

Paintbrush, Indian - Castilleja integra

Penstemon, James - Penstemon jamesii

Pepperweed - Lepidium virginicum

Plum, Wild - Prunus americana

Plantain - Plantago major

Primrose, White Evening - Oenathera albicaulis

Purslane - Portulaca oleracea

Raspberry - Rubus spp.

Rose, Wild - Rosa spp.

Russian Thistle, Prickly - Salsola tragus

Salsify - Tragopogon dubius

Scorpionweed - Phacelia spp.

Storks's-bill, Common - Erodium cicutarium

Sunflower, Annual - Helianthus annuus

Velvetweed - Gaura mollis

Wolfberry - Lycium pallidum

Yarrow, Golden - Eriophyllum confertiflorum

Ethnobotanicals in the Santa Fe Botanical Garden

The Orchard Garden

Welcome Garden

Meadow Garden

Above the Orchard Wall

Orchard Perennial Borders

Xeric Garden

Ojos y Manos

Trees - Evergreen

Trees - Deciduous

Semi-evergreen Shrubs/Subshrubs

Evergreen Shrubs/Subshrubs

Deciduous Shrubs/Subshrubs

Herbaceous Perennials

Evergreen Perennials

Deciduous Perennials

Cacti/Succulents

Grasses

Other Common Ethnobotanicals in New Mexico Not Grown in the Garden (some may be volunteers)